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Considerations on the management of the trees of Softwoods

We report the release of ' Order of Doctors of Agronomy and Forestry of the province of Padua the problem of management and removals of trees in the town of Padua.

The killing of a tree is always a loss of value to society and the environment, whether urban or rural.
The tree, through complex biochemical phenomena, cleaning the air by the absorption of CO2, oxygen production, absorption and inactivation of certain pollutants (HF, SO2, Cl2, NOx), dust suppression (always on a filter for suspended particulate matter PTS, PM10 and PM2, 5) and balancing the formation of ozone. The tree reduces noise pollution by absorbing and mitigating the sound waves and encouraging the production of "white noise" (a particular type of noise characterized by the absence of frequency and amplitude constant over the whole spectrum of frequencies) . In addition, the tree adjusts the microclimate through the removal of heat to the air, shaded places to stop, rest and recreation, and offers shelter and food for birds and other animals that, despite everything, they did the scope of their urban residence.
The tree is then an air purifier and a "climate" at a very small and very effective! The tree is a micro-habitats that contribute to increasing biodiversity and improving the conditions of human life, without neglecting the landscape value that can cover a row of trees, as an isolated specimen of large size.
From this brief discussion, the Council of the Order of Doctors of Agronomy and Doctors of Forestry in the province of Padua, inspired by the recent killing that were widely reported in the local press, he wants give some indication of general policy, to promote the recovery of the natural environments of urban and suburban areas.
First, it is clear that each tree needs its own living space and, therefore, from time to time, the choice of species used to be carried out considering the size and maturity and not take the plant, as can often occur because variations to the project last minute, some species are more adapted to shade the parking areas, or enhancing the city streets, or even to grow in tight spaces between the condominiums and houses of our city, which is not a uniform environment but offers numerous variations ecological niches, also very different, for which we must identify the species that you can adapt better. A careful selection will allow you to enjoy the tree for many years without having to deal with interference, frequent complaints but also expensive and unnecessary maintenance.
A careful choice of species and planting location will thus improve the naturalness of the canals that surround our city. Would provide a suitable project, alongside the primary function of flood safety, including a recreational function and "natural." This requires that the institutions whose task is to monitor and maintain the river system and drainage in our area many efforts. The revegetation of the banks only simplifies control of their state and execution of maintenance activities. The tree in these contexts should therefore be placed in suitable positions, choosing, among all, only those species that are more suited to the development of the foliage and roots, which should not affect the stability of the bank.
No less important is the maintenance scheduling of the tree, which varies depending on its location and function, but which must always be carried out before it gets any inconvenience to avoid drastic pruning, not only unsightly but themselves vehicle of infection that often lead to plant death and preclude a harmonious development.
An approach to tree care that taken together these issues would lead to substantial errors in the management of urban green spaces, resources needed to protect the health of citizens who have not always aware of this. With regard to investment and, hence, they are required to pay the agencies should be noted that it would be worthwhile to consider all the opportunities offered by regional measures, in terms of subsidies for the creation of hedges and trees with particular ecological function and the ' use of well-established engineering techniques in the areas most at risk of landslides and erosion.

The Council of Chartered Accountants of Agronomy and Forestry of the Province of Padua

Mateusz Wilk Knurów

Procesionaria

Like any winter, during December, January and February appear on our conifer nests processionary annoying. The processionary ( Thaumetopoea pityocampa ) is an insect of the order Lepidoptera belonging to the family Notodontidae.

It owes its name to the characteristic habit of moving on the ground in rows, forming a sort of "procession".
This arthropod is found in temperate regions of southern Europe, the Near East and even North Africa. And 'one of the most destructive forest insects, capable of rendering vast tracts of pine forest each leaf during its life cycle.
The pine tree is the most affected (in particular the black pine and Scots pine), but it's easy to find even among cedars and larches.

The life cycle of the parasite

The processionary is active only during cold periods of the year, since he spends the hot summer months as a cocoon bury underground. Each female produces a "cluster" of eggs that a needle is attached to the host tree. The cluster can contain up to 300 eggs, from which at least 4 weeks after born typical larvae. The eggs are completely covered with scales from the abdomen of the female.

Despite the modest size of the larvae have strong jaws that can engulf the hard needles immediately after birth.
In a short time, completely stripped a branch move in a new row to search for food.
The caterpillars live in groups. Initially they are nomads, moving from branch to branch building new nests relief, but in October to form a silken nest where they will winter.
activity resumed in the spring and processionary, usually in late May, they head to a place suitable for weaving the cocoon.
they found, there is buried a depth of about 15 cm. The chrysalis state lasts about a month, but can last for a year or more.
The insect, after reaching maturity and the transformation took place during the month of July out of the cocoon. The adult is a moth with wings 3-4 cm wide, gray in color with streaks of brown, the female is usually slightly larger in size than the male.
Their life is very short: no more than 2 days.
The females are the first to go on tall trees, which are then fertilized by the male.
The moth flies in search the most suitable plant to lay their eggs and the cycle begins again.

Identification

Eggs The eggs are spherical and white, are grouped into a cylindrical shape of pine needles. The large mass of eggs is 25-40 mm high and about 5 mm and can contain 70-300 eggs. E 'covered with flakes, produced from the tip of the abdomen of the female, gray-brown shade that allows an effective camouflage among the branches of the plant.

Larva

The caterpillar has 5 larval stages. In the first stage, the caterpillar has a body green. After the second suit, the caterpillar assumes its final appearance. At the end of growth the caterpillar is 38-45 mm long. The larva is covered with stinging hairs that can cause severe skin irritation, conjunctivitis, congestion and asthma in humans and animals. These urticating hairs are arranged in clumps throughout the body. The coloration of the integument of the body varies greatly depending on the species. In general, the seed coat is darker in cold regions and ranges from bluish-gray to black. The head of the larva is black. The lateral and ventral hair varies from white to dark yellow. The dorsal hairs ranging from yellow to orange and red-brown bulbs come from. The lower body is more or less dark brown.

Pupa

The pupa is wrapped in a cocoon of silk oval brown-white. The pupa (obtecta) is about 20 mm long, oval, pale yellow-brown color that eventually turns reddish brown. The hooks (that bind to a support, eg. The stem of a plant) are rounded, with two strong curved spines.

Adult

The female moth has a wingspan of 35-50 mm, the male is smaller with a wingspan of 30-40 mm. Both have an irregular ridge at the front. The forewings are gray ash, the nerve fibers (called the moths' tracheae), margins, and the three cross-bands are darker. The design is not pronounce on the wings of the female. The hind wings are white and gray, with the characteristic gray-brown stain in anal area. The antennae are yellowish brown and somewhat behind the tip. Both sexes have a hairy chest. The abdomen of the female is strong and its last segment is covered with large scales.

Fight

The methods of struggle are numerous and include agricultural practices (mechanical removal of the nests), microbiological media (use of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki dell'insettcida biological ), to be distributed by air and that causes paralysis of the larvae, the fight by using pheromones. Recently introduced, the fight to stem herbal medicine by injection to be performed during the months of September and October. This system guarantees results that are unobtainable with other systems and also the economic benefits. Please refer to the more detailed description on the "Post" to micro-infusion system. Please note that this system has led to eradicate this dangerous insect by entire municipalities of the province of Venice, Padua, Treviso and Vicenza.

are reminded that the fight processionary to be mandatory throughout the country according to DM 17/04/1998